Q/CR700-2019 Tunnel Protection Door

Tunnel protection doors are primarily used in railway and highway tunnels, serving as critical protective facilities for equipment chambers and other spaces within tunnels. The following provides a detailed introduction to tunnel protection doors:

Functions

• Safety Protection: They prevent hazards to equipment and personnel in chambers caused by pressure shockwaves generated by train operations or gas shockwaves from explosions. For example, in railway tunnels, high-speed trains produce piston wind and transient pressure, and protection doors effectively block these pressures from impacting the chambers.

• Fire and Smoke Prevention: In the event of a tunnel fire, protection doors can prevent the spread of flames and smoke, buying time for evacuation and rescue. Their fire resistance typically meets the requirements for Class A fire doors.

• Space Isolation: They separate different areas within the tunnel, such as isolating equipment chambers from traffic passages, facilitating management and maintenance while preventing unauthorized entry into hazardous zones.

Application Scenarios

• Railway Tunnels: Used at connections between cross passages, repeater stations, substations, emergency rescue stations, shelters, and the tunnel. For instance, in extra-long tunnels, cross passages are installed at regular intervals, with protection doors at both ends to allow mutual evacuation and rescue during incidents.

• Highway Tunnels: Installed in equipment rooms, ventilation ducts, escape routes, and other areas within the tunnel to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

Performance Characteristics

• Strong Blast Resistance: Capable of withstanding explosion shockwaves of certain intensities, with blast resistance typically ranging from 0.05MPa to 0.1MPa. For example, protection doors in high-speed railway and intercity railway tunnels should have a blast load capacity of no less than 0.05MPa, while those in mixed passenger and freight railway tunnels should withstand no less than 0.1MPa.

• Excellent Fire Resistance: Made from fire-resistant materials, with a fire resistance rating usually exceeding 1.5 hours, effectively preventing the spread of fire.

• Corrosion Resistance and Durability: Due to the humid tunnel environment, protection doors are often made from corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or fiberglass, ensuring a long service life.

• Superior Sealing Performance: Good sealing prevents the diffusion of smoke, dust, and other particles through door gaps, while also helping maintain stable air pressure within the tunnel.

• Flexible and Convenient Operation: Typically equipped with both electric and manual operation modes, allowing remote control or on-site manual operation. They can be quickly opened in emergencies without hindering rescue and evacuation efficiency.

Materials and Classification

• Materials: Common materials include steel, stainless steel, and fiberglass. Steel protection doors offer high strength but are prone to corrosion; stainless steel doors provide good corrosion resistance and an aesthetically pleasing appearance; fiberglass doors are lightweight, high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and offer thermal insulation.

• Classification: Classified by opening method into swing doors and sliding doors; by structure into single-leaf swing doors, double-leaf swing doors, and doors with ventilation windows; by material into all-fiberglass protection doors and composite doors with steel frames and fiberglass panels.

Relevant Standards and Specifications

• National Standards: For example, the "Code for Design of Metro" GB50157-2013 specifies that Class A fire doors should be installed in connecting passages, while the "Code for Design of Civil Air Defense Basements" GB50038-2005 requires protection doors to have a blast resistance of 0.10MPa.

• Industry Standards: For instance, the "Code for Design of Disaster Prevention, Evacuation, and Rescue Engineering for Railway Tunnels" TB10020-2017 stipulates that protection doors should be installed at the connections between cross passages and tunnels in emergency rescue stations, with a clear opening size of no less than 1.7m × 2.0m.